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Surgical Innovation, Vol. 15, No. 1, 59-68 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/1553350608315953

Enhanced Robotic Surgical Training Using Augmented Visual Feedback

Timothy N. Judkins, PhD

Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, tjudkins{at}gmail.com, HPER Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Nebraska

Dmitry Oleynikov, MD

Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center

Nick Stergiou, PhD

Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, HPER Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Nebraska

The goal of this study was to enhance robotic surgical training via real-time augmented visual feedback. Thirty novices (medical students) were divided into 5 feedback groups (speed, relative phase, grip force, video, and control) and trained during 1 session in 3 inanimate surgical tasks with the da Vinci Surgical System. Task completion time, distance traveled, speed, curvature, relative phase, and grip force were measured immediately before and after training and during a retention test 2 weeks after training. All performance measures except relative phase improved after training and were retained after 2 weeks. Feedback-specific effects showed that the speed group was faster than other groups after training, and the grip force group applied less grip force. This study showed that the real-time augmented feedback during training can enhance the surgical performance and can potentially be beneficial for both training and surgery.

Key Words: robotic surgery • performance • training • feedback


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